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LPS and flagellin induce DNA double-strand breaks in breast acini in a TLR-dependent manner. A. Representative comet images from neutral comet assays performed on 3D cultures of breast acini treated with vehicle (control), 1 μg/ml LPS, 1 μg/ml LTA, and 10 ng/ml flagellin for 72 h. Bleomycin (BLM; 20 mU/ml; 2h) was used as positive control. B. Comet assay quantification. n=300 acini from 3 biological replicates. C. Representative images for immunofluorescence staining of 53BP1 (red) in acini treated with MAMPs ± TLR inhibitors. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). D-F. Quantification of 53BP1 foci numbers in acini treated with LPS ± TLR4 inhibitor (D), with LTA ± TLR2 inhibitor (E) or with flagellin ± <t>TLR5</t> inhibitor (F). ns is not significant. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
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Intestinal permeability and expression of flagellin and <t>TLR5</t> protein in the lamina propria of the mucosa of rats in various groups. FITC-Dextran was used to detect the intestinal permeability of rats and laser confocal microscopy was employed to observe the localization of flagellin and TLR5 proteins of colon three repeated tests. (Adopt Tukey statistical method. Refer to the annotations in the reference image for grouping identification.)
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Intestinal permeability and expression of flagellin and <t>TLR5</t> protein in the lamina propria of the mucosa of rats in various groups. FITC-Dextran was used to detect the intestinal permeability of rats and laser confocal microscopy was employed to observe the localization of flagellin and TLR5 proteins of colon three repeated tests. (Adopt Tukey statistical method. Refer to the annotations in the reference image for grouping identification.)
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Image Search Results


Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Control

This figure shows all the H-bond interactions between robust CMap-generated leads and TLR5 which fall below 3 Å. The minimum 3 H-bond interactions between CMap-generated leads and TLR5 were showed by both Glide module and HADDOCK tool in each complex.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet: This figure shows all the H-bond interactions between robust CMap-generated leads and TLR5 which fall below 3 Å. The minimum 3 H-bond interactions between CMap-generated leads and TLR5 were showed by both Glide module and HADDOCK tool in each complex.

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Generated

(A) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Cytarabine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Azacytidine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Penicillin (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Streptozotocin (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), Piceatannol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM) and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. (B) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Fenoterol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), ABT-751 (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Ganciclovir (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Kinetin-riboside (100µM, 50µM, 25µM), and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. Bar graph representing the relative expression levels of TLR5 with respect to the untreated control. Fold change is calculated by the signal of the treated sample divided by the signal of the control. If the fold change is >1, TLR5 expression is upregulated whereas fold change <1 is taken as downregulated. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Cytarabine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Azacytidine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Penicillin (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Streptozotocin (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), Piceatannol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM) and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. (B) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Fenoterol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), ABT-751 (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Ganciclovir (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Kinetin-riboside (100µM, 50µM, 25µM), and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. Bar graph representing the relative expression levels of TLR5 with respect to the untreated control. Fold change is calculated by the signal of the treated sample divided by the signal of the control. If the fold change is >1, TLR5 expression is upregulated whereas fold change <1 is taken as downregulated. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Incubation, Generated, Expressing, Control

LPS and flagellin induce DNA double-strand breaks in breast acini in a TLR-dependent manner. A. Representative comet images from neutral comet assays performed on 3D cultures of breast acini treated with vehicle (control), 1 μg/ml LPS, 1 μg/ml LTA, and 10 ng/ml flagellin for 72 h. Bleomycin (BLM; 20 mU/ml; 2h) was used as positive control. B. Comet assay quantification. n=300 acini from 3 biological replicates. C. Representative images for immunofluorescence staining of 53BP1 (red) in acini treated with MAMPs ± TLR inhibitors. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). D-F. Quantification of 53BP1 foci numbers in acini treated with LPS ± TLR4 inhibitor (D), with LTA ± TLR2 inhibitor (E) or with flagellin ± TLR5 inhibitor (F). ns is not significant. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

Journal: Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

Article Title: Microbe-associated molecular patterns differentially mediate carcinogenic alterations of the breast tissue in the context of obesity

doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2026.101284

Figure Lengend Snippet: LPS and flagellin induce DNA double-strand breaks in breast acini in a TLR-dependent manner. A. Representative comet images from neutral comet assays performed on 3D cultures of breast acini treated with vehicle (control), 1 μg/ml LPS, 1 μg/ml LTA, and 10 ng/ml flagellin for 72 h. Bleomycin (BLM; 20 mU/ml; 2h) was used as positive control. B. Comet assay quantification. n=300 acini from 3 biological replicates. C. Representative images for immunofluorescence staining of 53BP1 (red) in acini treated with MAMPs ± TLR inhibitors. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). D-F. Quantification of 53BP1 foci numbers in acini treated with LPS ± TLR4 inhibitor (D), with LTA ± TLR2 inhibitor (E) or with flagellin ± TLR5 inhibitor (F). ns is not significant. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against TLR4 (Santa Cruz; sc-293072), TLR5 (Santa Cruz; sc-518106), TLR2 (Santa Cruz; sc-21795), NF-κB p65 (Cell Signaling Technology; 8242), LEDGF (Cell Signaling Technology; 2088), Lamin B (Abcam; Ab16048), and α-tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology; 2144) were used.

Techniques: Control, Positive Control, Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Blockade of TLR4 and TLR5 mitigates DNA damage in the mammary glands. A. Schematic of the experiment. B-D-F. Representative images for TLR2 (B), TLR4 (D), and TLR5 (F) IHC signals in mammary glands of mice treated with saline, mismatch morpholino (MM) and the corresponding TLR morpholino (TLR M). Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain. Image analysis and quantification of TLR2/4/5-DAB positive areas is shown in the graphs (C,E,G). H. Representative comet images of the neutral comet assay performed on mammary cells treated with vehicle, MM, and TLR morpholinos. I. Quantification of comet assay results for the aforementioned mice groups. ns is not significant. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

Journal: Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

Article Title: Microbe-associated molecular patterns differentially mediate carcinogenic alterations of the breast tissue in the context of obesity

doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2026.101284

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blockade of TLR4 and TLR5 mitigates DNA damage in the mammary glands. A. Schematic of the experiment. B-D-F. Representative images for TLR2 (B), TLR4 (D), and TLR5 (F) IHC signals in mammary glands of mice treated with saline, mismatch morpholino (MM) and the corresponding TLR morpholino (TLR M). Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain. Image analysis and quantification of TLR2/4/5-DAB positive areas is shown in the graphs (C,E,G). H. Representative comet images of the neutral comet assay performed on mammary cells treated with vehicle, MM, and TLR morpholinos. I. Quantification of comet assay results for the aforementioned mice groups. ns is not significant. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against TLR4 (Santa Cruz; sc-293072), TLR5 (Santa Cruz; sc-518106), TLR2 (Santa Cruz; sc-21795), NF-κB p65 (Cell Signaling Technology; 8242), LEDGF (Cell Signaling Technology; 2088), Lamin B (Abcam; Ab16048), and α-tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology; 2144) were used.

Techniques: Saline, Neutral Comet Assay, Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Control

This figure shows all the H-bond interactions between robust CMap-generated leads and TLR5 which fall below 3 Å. The minimum 3 H-bond interactions between CMap-generated leads and TLR5 were showed by both Glide module and HADDOCK tool in each complex.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet: This figure shows all the H-bond interactions between robust CMap-generated leads and TLR5 which fall below 3 Å. The minimum 3 H-bond interactions between CMap-generated leads and TLR5 were showed by both Glide module and HADDOCK tool in each complex.

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Generated

(A) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Cytarabine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Azacytidine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Penicillin (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Streptozotocin (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), Piceatannol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM) and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. (B) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Fenoterol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), ABT-751 (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Ganciclovir (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Kinetin-riboside (100µM, 50µM, 25µM), and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. Bar graph representing the relative expression levels of TLR5 with respect to the untreated control. Fold change is calculated by the signal of the treated sample divided by the signal of the control. If the fold change is >1, TLR5 expression is upregulated whereas fold change <1 is taken as downregulated. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Cytarabine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Azacytidine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Penicillin (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Streptozotocin (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), Piceatannol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM) and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. (B) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Fenoterol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), ABT-751 (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Ganciclovir (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Kinetin-riboside (100µM, 50µM, 25µM), and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. Bar graph representing the relative expression levels of TLR5 with respect to the untreated control. Fold change is calculated by the signal of the treated sample divided by the signal of the control. If the fold change is >1, TLR5 expression is upregulated whereas fold change <1 is taken as downregulated. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Incubation, Generated, Expressing, Control

Intestinal permeability and expression of flagellin and TLR5 protein in the lamina propria of the mucosa of rats in various groups. FITC-Dextran was used to detect the intestinal permeability of rats and laser confocal microscopy was employed to observe the localization of flagellin and TLR5 proteins of colon three repeated tests. (Adopt Tukey statistical method. Refer to the annotations in the reference image for grouping identification.)

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: The effect of Massa Medicata Fermentata on the cytokine secretion of colonic mucosa and visceral sensitivity in rats with IBS-D

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1616796

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intestinal permeability and expression of flagellin and TLR5 protein in the lamina propria of the mucosa of rats in various groups. FITC-Dextran was used to detect the intestinal permeability of rats and laser confocal microscopy was employed to observe the localization of flagellin and TLR5 proteins of colon three repeated tests. (Adopt Tukey statistical method. Refer to the annotations in the reference image for grouping identification.)

Article Snippet: MMF (China Resources Sanjiu Co., Ltd); glacial acetic acid (10000208 Sinopharm, Inc.); FITC-Dextran (Sigma, Inc.); WB Antibodies: TLR5 Antibody (rabbit source, Proteintech, Inc.), TRIF Antibody (rabbit source, Affinity, Inc.); P-ERK1/2 Antibody (rabbit source, abcam, Inc.); immunofluorescent antibodies: immunofluorescent primary antibody: TLR5 (rabbit source, Three Eagles, Inc.), immunofluorescent primary antibody: Flic (mouse source, Yiqiao, Inc.), and Immunofluorescence secondary antibody: goat anti-rabbit IgGH&L (Cy3) (abcam, Inc.), immunofluorescence secondary antibody: goat anti-mouse IgGH&L (FITC) (abcam, Inc.); Immunohistochemistry antibody: immunohistochemistry primary antibody: TLR5 (rabbit source, proteintech, Inc.), immunohistochemistry primary antibody: TRIF (rabbit source, Affinity, Inc.), the Immunohistochemical primary antibody: p-ERK1/2 (rabbit source abcam), immunohistochemical secondary antibody: HRP-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (Biyun Tian, Inc.); Percoll lymphocyte isolate P8370 (Solarbio, Inc.); LPDCs magnetic bead sorting kit (OX62) (MiltenyiBiotec, Inc.) Anti-RatCD103, PE (Bioscience, Inc.); Rat spleen lymphocyte isolate LTS1083PK-200 (TBD, Inc.); CD4 Magnetic Bead Sorting Kit (MiltenyiBiotec, Inc.); CD4MonoclonalAntibody;CCK-8 Kit C0039 (Biotronix, Inc.); Rat Interleukin 12 (IL-12) ELISA Kit, Rat Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) ELISA Kit, Rat Interleukin 4 (IL-4) ELISA Kit, Rat Interleukin 9 (IL-9) kit, Rat Interleukin 6 (IL-6) ELISA kit, Rat Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) ELISA kit, Rat Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) ELISA kit (Jiangsu Jingmei, Inc.).

Techniques: Permeability, Expressing, Confocal Microscopy

Expression of TLR5, TRIF and p-EPK1/2 in LPDCs of rats in each group. The mRNA expression of TLR5, TRIF, and p-EPK1/2 in LPDCs was detected by qPCR. The expression of TLR5, TRIF, and p-EPK1/2 proteins in LPDCs of rats in each group was detected by WB three repeated tests. (Adopt Tukey statistical method. Refer to the annotations in the reference image for grouping identification.)

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: The effect of Massa Medicata Fermentata on the cytokine secretion of colonic mucosa and visceral sensitivity in rats with IBS-D

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1616796

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of TLR5, TRIF and p-EPK1/2 in LPDCs of rats in each group. The mRNA expression of TLR5, TRIF, and p-EPK1/2 in LPDCs was detected by qPCR. The expression of TLR5, TRIF, and p-EPK1/2 proteins in LPDCs of rats in each group was detected by WB three repeated tests. (Adopt Tukey statistical method. Refer to the annotations in the reference image for grouping identification.)

Article Snippet: MMF (China Resources Sanjiu Co., Ltd); glacial acetic acid (10000208 Sinopharm, Inc.); FITC-Dextran (Sigma, Inc.); WB Antibodies: TLR5 Antibody (rabbit source, Proteintech, Inc.), TRIF Antibody (rabbit source, Affinity, Inc.); P-ERK1/2 Antibody (rabbit source, abcam, Inc.); immunofluorescent antibodies: immunofluorescent primary antibody: TLR5 (rabbit source, Three Eagles, Inc.), immunofluorescent primary antibody: Flic (mouse source, Yiqiao, Inc.), and Immunofluorescence secondary antibody: goat anti-rabbit IgGH&L (Cy3) (abcam, Inc.), immunofluorescence secondary antibody: goat anti-mouse IgGH&L (FITC) (abcam, Inc.); Immunohistochemistry antibody: immunohistochemistry primary antibody: TLR5 (rabbit source, proteintech, Inc.), immunohistochemistry primary antibody: TRIF (rabbit source, Affinity, Inc.), the Immunohistochemical primary antibody: p-ERK1/2 (rabbit source abcam), immunohistochemical secondary antibody: HRP-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (Biyun Tian, Inc.); Percoll lymphocyte isolate P8370 (Solarbio, Inc.); LPDCs magnetic bead sorting kit (OX62) (MiltenyiBiotec, Inc.) Anti-RatCD103, PE (Bioscience, Inc.); Rat spleen lymphocyte isolate LTS1083PK-200 (TBD, Inc.); CD4 Magnetic Bead Sorting Kit (MiltenyiBiotec, Inc.); CD4MonoclonalAntibody;CCK-8 Kit C0039 (Biotronix, Inc.); Rat Interleukin 12 (IL-12) ELISA Kit, Rat Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) ELISA Kit, Rat Interleukin 4 (IL-4) ELISA Kit, Rat Interleukin 9 (IL-9) kit, Rat Interleukin 6 (IL-6) ELISA kit, Rat Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) ELISA kit, Rat Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) ELISA kit (Jiangsu Jingmei, Inc.).

Techniques: Expressing

Intestinal permeability and expression of flagellin and TLR5 protein in the lamina propria of the mucosa of rats in various groups. FITC-Dextran was used to detect the intestinal permeability of rats and laser confocal microscopy was employed to observe the localization of flagellin and TLR5 proteins of colon three repeated tests. (Adopt Tukey statistical method. Refer to the annotations in the reference image for grouping identification.)

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: The effect of Massa Medicata Fermentata on the cytokine secretion of colonic mucosa and visceral sensitivity in rats with IBS-D

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1616796

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intestinal permeability and expression of flagellin and TLR5 protein in the lamina propria of the mucosa of rats in various groups. FITC-Dextran was used to detect the intestinal permeability of rats and laser confocal microscopy was employed to observe the localization of flagellin and TLR5 proteins of colon three repeated tests. (Adopt Tukey statistical method. Refer to the annotations in the reference image for grouping identification.)

Article Snippet: MMF (China Resources Sanjiu Co., Ltd); glacial acetic acid (10000208 Sinopharm, Inc.); FITC-Dextran (Sigma, Inc.); WB Antibodies: TLR5 Antibody (rabbit source, Proteintech, Inc.), TRIF Antibody (rabbit source, Affinity, Inc.); P-ERK1/2 Antibody (rabbit source, abcam, Inc.); immunofluorescent antibodies: immunofluorescent primary antibody: TLR5 (rabbit source, Three Eagles, Inc.), immunofluorescent primary antibody: Flic (mouse source, Yiqiao, Inc.), and Immunofluorescence secondary antibody: goat anti-rabbit IgGH&L (Cy3) (abcam, Inc.), immunofluorescence secondary antibody: goat anti-mouse IgGH&L (FITC) (abcam, Inc.); Immunohistochemistry antibody: immunohistochemistry primary antibody: TLR5 (rabbit source, proteintech, Inc.), immunohistochemistry primary antibody: TRIF (rabbit source, Affinity, Inc.), the Immunohistochemical primary antibody: p-ERK1/2 (rabbit source abcam), immunohistochemical secondary antibody: HRP-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (Biyun Tian, Inc.); Percoll lymphocyte isolate P8370 (Solarbio, Inc.); LPDCs magnetic bead sorting kit (OX62) (MiltenyiBiotec, Inc.) Anti-RatCD103, PE (Bioscience, Inc.); Rat spleen lymphocyte isolate LTS1083PK-200 (TBD, Inc.); CD4 Magnetic Bead Sorting Kit (MiltenyiBiotec, Inc.); CD4MonoclonalAntibody;CCK-8 Kit C0039 (Biotronix, Inc.); Rat Interleukin 12 (IL-12) ELISA Kit, Rat Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) ELISA Kit, Rat Interleukin 4 (IL-4) ELISA Kit, Rat Interleukin 9 (IL-9) kit, Rat Interleukin 6 (IL-6) ELISA kit, Rat Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) ELISA kit, Rat Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) ELISA kit (Jiangsu Jingmei, Inc.).

Techniques: Permeability, Expressing, Confocal Microscopy

Expression of TLR5, TRIF and p-EPK1/2 in LPDCs of rats in each group. The mRNA expression of TLR5, TRIF, and p-EPK1/2 in LPDCs was detected by qPCR. The expression of TLR5, TRIF, and p-EPK1/2 proteins in LPDCs of rats in each group was detected by WB three repeated tests. (Adopt Tukey statistical method. Refer to the annotations in the reference image for grouping identification.)

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: The effect of Massa Medicata Fermentata on the cytokine secretion of colonic mucosa and visceral sensitivity in rats with IBS-D

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1616796

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of TLR5, TRIF and p-EPK1/2 in LPDCs of rats in each group. The mRNA expression of TLR5, TRIF, and p-EPK1/2 in LPDCs was detected by qPCR. The expression of TLR5, TRIF, and p-EPK1/2 proteins in LPDCs of rats in each group was detected by WB three repeated tests. (Adopt Tukey statistical method. Refer to the annotations in the reference image for grouping identification.)

Article Snippet: MMF (China Resources Sanjiu Co., Ltd); glacial acetic acid (10000208 Sinopharm, Inc.); FITC-Dextran (Sigma, Inc.); WB Antibodies: TLR5 Antibody (rabbit source, Proteintech, Inc.), TRIF Antibody (rabbit source, Affinity, Inc.); P-ERK1/2 Antibody (rabbit source, abcam, Inc.); immunofluorescent antibodies: immunofluorescent primary antibody: TLR5 (rabbit source, Three Eagles, Inc.), immunofluorescent primary antibody: Flic (mouse source, Yiqiao, Inc.), and Immunofluorescence secondary antibody: goat anti-rabbit IgGH&L (Cy3) (abcam, Inc.), immunofluorescence secondary antibody: goat anti-mouse IgGH&L (FITC) (abcam, Inc.); Immunohistochemistry antibody: immunohistochemistry primary antibody: TLR5 (rabbit source, proteintech, Inc.), immunohistochemistry primary antibody: TRIF (rabbit source, Affinity, Inc.), the Immunohistochemical primary antibody: p-ERK1/2 (rabbit source abcam), immunohistochemical secondary antibody: HRP-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (Biyun Tian, Inc.); Percoll lymphocyte isolate P8370 (Solarbio, Inc.); LPDCs magnetic bead sorting kit (OX62) (MiltenyiBiotec, Inc.) Anti-RatCD103, PE (Bioscience, Inc.); Rat spleen lymphocyte isolate LTS1083PK-200 (TBD, Inc.); CD4 Magnetic Bead Sorting Kit (MiltenyiBiotec, Inc.); CD4MonoclonalAntibody;CCK-8 Kit C0039 (Biotronix, Inc.); Rat Interleukin 12 (IL-12) ELISA Kit, Rat Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) ELISA Kit, Rat Interleukin 4 (IL-4) ELISA Kit, Rat Interleukin 9 (IL-9) kit, Rat Interleukin 6 (IL-6) ELISA kit, Rat Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) ELISA kit, Rat Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) ELISA kit (Jiangsu Jingmei, Inc.).

Techniques: Expressing